During World War II many European Jews found refuge in Shanghai, the only place in the world that immigrants could enter without a visa and without paying an exorbitant amount of money. Many European Jews found refuge there.  Most of the refugees lived in the Honku neighborhood and created their own version of Viennese-German culture.  In late 1943 the Japanese government succumbed to German pressure and created a ghetto for the city’s 14,000 Jews. When the ghetto was dismantled after the war, the Jews had nowhere to go – some managed to emigrate to North and South America, while others waited helplessly. Once the State of Israel was established, many of the Shanghai refugees finally decided to settle there.